Decarbonization

What is decarbonization

Decarbonization is the process of reducing or eliminating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), to slow climate change. The goal of decarbonization is to reach “net zero” emissions.

In simple terms, the meaning of decarbonization is to ensure that the amount of GHG released is balanced by what is removed from the atmosphere.

Decarbonization addresses all GHGs, including methane and nitrous oxide, not just CO₂. Rapid and large-scale decarbonization is essential to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

Decarbonization examples

Decarbonization can be achieved through many approaches, such as:

• Energy transition: Replacing coal and gas power with renewable energy like solar, wind, and hydro
• Transport: Shifting from fossil-fuel vehicles to electric alternatives and expanding public transit
• Industry: Adopting low-carbon solutions such as green hydrogen in steel production
• Buildings: Using energy-efficient designs and electrified heating systems
• Carbon removal: Planting forests or deploying technologies like direct air capture to absorb CO₂

Uses of decarbonization

Decarbonization is used to reduce the harmful effects of climate change, safeguard ecosystems, and improve public health by cutting air pollution. It also supports sustainable economic growth by driving innovation in clean technologies. For businesses and nations, decarbonization ensures compliance with climate targets, strengthens energy security, and attracts green investments.